Within the moving blades the steam is turned and accelerated by the remainder of the pressure drop. The available energy of steam is first converted into kinetic energy and then this kinetic energy is transformed into mechanical work. During the first part of the nozzle, the steam increases its velocity. After attaining required pressure, the highpressure steam is allowed to flow through a passage called nozzle over f ring of moving blades. In principle, the impulse steam turbine consists of a casing containing stationary steam nozzles and a rotor with moving or rotating buckets.
Reaction turbine 2 iii steam turbine operating range 2 3. Supersonic flow in cdnozzles presents a rich behaviour, with shock waves and expansion waves usually taking place inside andor outside. What are the effects of friction on the flow through a steam nozzle. What are the various types of nozzles and their functions. Steam boilers, engines, nozzles and turbines lab viva questions.
Steam nozzles and turbines free lecture notesgiven below download free lecture notespdf linki download free lecture notespdf linkii download free lecture notespdf linkiii download free lecture notespdf linkiv download free lecture notespdf linkv download free lecture notespdf linkvi download free read more. The variation of steam pressure in the nozzle depends upon the velocity, specific volume and dryness fraction of steam. Steam nozzles introduction is a device of varied cross sectional area in. When the steam passes through the stationary nozzles and is directed at high velocity against the rotor buckets. Nozzles are used in steam and gas turbines, jet engines, rockets, in flow measurement, in injectors for pumping water, in ejectors for removing air from condensers etc. Function of nozzle applications and types flow through nozzles. Herewith we have shared the steam boilers, engines, nozzle, turbines mechanical mcqs pdf mechanical engineering multiple choice questions and answers pdf. E in steam due to pressure and internal energy is converted to k. View steam nozzle ppts online, safely and virusfree. The available energy of steam is first changed into kinetic energy, and this kinetic energy is then transformed into mechanical work. Steam issuing from the nozzles at high velocity creates a reaction in the opposite direction. The reaction effect caused by this accelerating steam imparts more. Several nozzle geometries have been used in propulsion systems. Steam boilers, engines, nozzle, turbines mechanical mcqs pdf.
Unit1 thermal power stations introduction thermal energy is the major source of power generation in india. Property relationships for pure substances and mixtures, thermodynamic relations, ideal gas mixtures, combustion thermodynamics, gas power cycles, vapour power cycles, refrigeration cycles, reciprocating compressors, compressible flows and steam nozzles. Exhaust steam conditions, extraction and admission 7 6. The flow of steam through nozzles may be regarded as adiabatic expansion. To emit steam from the steam nozzles, push the trigger on the handle. Efficiency will depend on turbine size or rotor diameter, blade geometries, speed, extreme condition of steam and other losses. Dry saturated steam is expanded in a nozzle from 1. This jet of steam impinges on the moving vanes or blades. The steamhas a very high velocity at the end of the expansion, and the enthalpy decreases as expansion takes place. Steam nozzles a nozzle is a duct of smoothly varying cross sectional area, in which a steadily flowing fluid can be accelerated to a high velocity by a drop in pressure of the fluid along the duct. Important the steam nozzles are meant to be used in steam bursts and should never be used on a sustained basis. The objective of this course note is to survey practical and theoretical problems. In this type of turbine, steam is first expanded in nozzles and is passed through set of moving blades fixed blades and then through second set of moving blades. Unitiii steam nozzles in steam turbines, the overall transformation of heat energy of steam into mechanical work takes place in two stages.
Me421 heat exchanger and steam generator design me421 heat exchanger and steam generator design lecture notes 6 doublepipe heat exchangers introduction. All nozzles consist of an inlet section, a throat, and an exit. Find the properties of the steam at the stagnation state. The shape of nozzle is designed such that it will perform this conversion of energy with minimum loss.
Flow of gases and steam through nozzles example, the required pressure in the combustion chamber of the space shuttle ssme engine was 20. Steam nozzles introduction is a device of varied cross sectional area in which the potential energy of the steam heat. The steam possessesa very high velocity at the end of the expansion, and the enthalpy decreases as. Each detail is available in pdf and autocad dwg formats, go to our secure ftp site for the dwg format drawings. Steam turbine is the widely use as a prime mover in power plants, refineries, petrochemical plants, food processing plants, power plants etc. A steam nozzle is a duct or passage of smoothly varying cross sectional area which converts heat energy of steam into kinetic energy. The function of fixed blades is to change the direction of motion of steam received from earlier set. Anna university regulation 20 mech me6404 te notes for all 5 units and mech 4th sem me6404 thermal engineering lecture handwritten notes are listed down for students to make perfect utilization and score maximum marks with our study materials. Notes to modelling of nonequilibrium condensation of steam. Refrigeration cycles, reciprocating compressors, compressible flows and steam nozzles.
Thermal modeling and analysis of high pressure steam turbine. Va standard details div 23 hvac steam all details 1 of 2. Steam consumption of steam turbine is depending to required output power and efficiency of the turbine. Numerical study on condensation process of steam flow in. Steam nozzles and types nozzle is a duct by flowing through which the velocity of a fluid increases at the expense of pressure drop. Nozzles and diffusers momentum and continuity equations duration. The flow of steam through nozzles may be takenas adiabatic expansion. The steam has a very high velocity at the end of the expansion, and the enthalpy decreases as expansion takes place.
The main use of steam nozzle in steam turbines is to produce a jet of steam with a high velocity. The numbering system relates to specification masterformat 2004. The velocity through a nozzle is a function of the pressuredifferential across the nozzle. More than 60% of electric power is produced by steam plants in india. View and download euroflex monster ez1 instruction manual online. It is very useful for all kind of gate, ssc, ese and other competitive examinations. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
Nozzle is a duct by flowing through which the velocity of a fluid increases at the expense of pressure drop. Sep 14, 2018 herewith we have shared the steam boilers, engines, nozzle, turbines mechanical mcqs pdf mechanical engineering multiple choice questions and answers pdf. The steam from the boiler is expanded in a nozzle, resulting in the emission of a high velocity jet. Pdf me6404 thermal engineering te books, lecture notes. Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working.
Va standard details were updated in early 2009, div 22 and div 26 in early 2014, and the steam portion of div 23 in late 2017. Dec 01, 2015 construction of steam nozzle if great pressure differences exist in front and at the back of inlet nozzles of steam turbines a secure attachment of the nozzles is sometimes rather difficult. Short cut notes rapid fire notes best theory of steam. Euroflex monster ez1 instruction manual pdf download. Mechanical power engineering department faculty of engineering. Notes to modelling of nonequilibrium condensation of steam in nozzles conference paper in aip conference proceedings 19781. Your steamer will not need nozzles will loosen especially the boiler refilled for up to 30. Friction exists between the steam and the sides of the nozzle. Steam turbine and steam nozzle interview question and answers. Ks series are available with inbuilt nrv design which allows the nozzle to work in. Annular and linear nozzles, designed to compensate ambient pressure variation, like the aerospike nozzle.
Oxidizer and fuel pumps are powered by combustion turbines that use fuel and engine oxidant as fuel or have other fuel 16, s. View steam nozzles ppts online, safely and virusfree. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. This is due to the time lag in the condensation of the steam during the expansion. This steam then impinges upon the moving blades and imparts some energy to them. Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working and. Flow of steam through nozzles, shapes of nozzles, effect of friction, critical pressure ratio,supersaturated flow. In this article, we see about the impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working and difference.
Unit iii steam nozzles and turbines flow of steam through nozzles, shapes of nozzles, effect of friction, critical pressure ratio,supersaturated flow. The first step is accomplished with devices called steam nozzles. In surface condenser even impure water can be used for cooling purpose whereas in jet condensers cooling water must be pure. India has large deposit of coal about 170 billion tonnes, 5th largest in world. Steam boilers, engines, nozzles and turbines, mechanical engineering multiple choice questions objective type questions, mcqs, with question and answers, download free pdf, mechanical engineering, multiple choice questions, objective type questions, mechanical engineering short notes, rapid fire notes, best theory. Steam nozzles introduction is a device of varied cross sectional area in which. Steam ejector is an important component in engineering applications, which require high. Short cut notes rapid fire notes best theory of steam boilers, engines, nozzles and turbines, mechanical engineering multiple choice questions objective type questions, mcqs, with question and answers, download free pdf, mechanical engineering, multiple choice questions, objective type questions, mechanical engineering short notes, rapid fire notes, best theory. Impulse and reaction principles, compounding, velocity diagrams for simple and multistage turbines, speed regulationsgovernors and nozzle governors. The chief use of nozzle is to produce a jet of steam or gas of high velocity to produce thrust for the propulsion of rocket motors and jet engines and to drive steam or gas turbines.
Steam nozzles, steam turbines, air compressors, refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Steam nozzles and turbines free lecture notes given below download free lecture notes pdf linki download free lecture notes pdf linkii download free lecture notes pdf linkiii download free lecture notes pdf linkiv download free lecture notes pdf linkv download free lecture notes pdf linkvi download free read more. Boilers bureau of energy efficiency 27 syllabus boilers. A set of fixed nozzle is provided and steam is passed through these nozzles. Although units are rated for 150 psi, pressures above 100 psi have negligible effect. Jan 14, 2017 steam turbine velocity digram duration. Numerical study on condensation process of steam flow in nozzles. The smallest section of the nozzle is called throat.
Construction of steam nozzle if great pressure differences exist in front and at the back of inlet nozzles of steam turbines a secure attachment of the nozzles is sometimes rather difficult. Nozzle is a duct of varying crosssectional area in which the velocity increases with the corresponding drop in pressure. Impulse turbines singlerotor or multirotor are simple stages of the turbines. In surface condensers there is no mixing of exhaust steam and cooling water. The difficulties are eliminated by milling or otherwise machining the nozzles into a complete or undivided solid ring. The impulse blades are short and have constant cross sections. Nozzles and fire streams fvcc fire rescue nozzles and fire streams part b raindown method of applying foam used on large area. Types, combustion in boilers, performances evaluation, analysis of losses, feed water treatment, blow down, energy conservation opportunities. Steam nozzles ppt steam nozzles a nozzle is a duct of. Oct 15, 2016 steam nozzles and types nozzle is a duct by flowing through which the velocity of a fluid increases at the expense of pressure drop. The classical quasionedimensional laval nozzle, which has a slender geometry, with a rapidly. Download chemical engineering thermodynamics course notes download free online book chm pdf. The nozzle is so shaped that it will perform this conversion of energy.
Assume friction loss in the nozzle is equal to 10% of the total enthalpy drop. And then the later part of the nozzle, in which the steam derives more in volume than in velocity. Notes to modelling of nonequilibrium condensation of. The shape of the nozzle is designed such that it will perform this conversion of energy with minimum loss. Vanita thakkar bit 17 nozzles a nozzle is a device, a duct of smoothly varying cs area, that increases the velocity of a fluid at the expense of pressure. Steam nozzles and turbines online test free download for freshers experienced.
Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine. Me6404 te notes, thermal engineering lecture handwritten. Thermal modeling and analysis of high pressure steam. Spraytech make ks series steam spray nozzles offers various capacities of mass flow rate for saturated and superheated steam which is widely used for applications such as steam purging, heating, humidification, sterilization etc. Use of standard refrigerant property, data book, steam tables, mollier diagram and psychometric chart permitted. Using steam continued to emit steam from the steam nozzles, push the trigger on the handle. Phenomenon in nozzles operating off the design pressure ratio. The critical pressure gives the velocity olsteam at the throat equal to the velocity of sound.
220 675 764 1149 804 1046 399 1153 718 619 619 1387 256 141 1438 1554 1155 1447 943 92 416 331 1414 1502 1150 742 279 376 1392 796 782 1472 197 1475 252 979 303 713 146 244 995 105